New concepts in canine epilepsy management

Presented by Holger A. Volk, DVM, PGCAP, PhD, Dipl. ECVN, FHEA, MRCVS

Continuing education questionnaire

CE credit: 1

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Questions

1. A holistic approach to managing epilepsy in dogs would include: *

2. Regarding glucose metabolism in the brain, which of the following statements is false? *

The brain is dependent on a constant supply of glucose

In humans, the brain uses ≤20% of total glucose-derived energy expenditure

Glucose metabolism by the brain increases with age

Glucose hypometabolism by the brain is associated with canine cognitive dysfunction

All of the above are true

3. Epilepsy management often requires a multimodal therapy. Therapies to control epilepsy include: *

4. Which antiepileptic drugs have been shown to have the highest efficacy and are recommended for first-line treatment in dogs, according to the ACVIM and IVETF consensus statements? *

Imepitoin and phenobarbital

Potassium bromide and zonisamide

Levetiracetam and zonisamide

Zonisamide and phenobarbital

Levetiracetam and potassium bromide

5. True or False. Evidence suggests that dogs with idiopathic epilepsy are prone to long- term behaviour changes such as fear and anxiety. *

True

False

6. True or False. Similar to dogs with cognitive dysfunction, dogs with epilepsy seem to have decreased trainability. True or false? *

True

False

7. What does a traditional ketogenic diet entail? *

High protein, low fat and low carbohydrate

High carbohydrate, low fat and low protein

High fat, low carbohydrate and low protein

8. Nutrition plays an important part in canine epilepsy management. Which diet has been shown to be effective in placebo-controlled trials? *

9. A medium-chain triglyceride-enriched diet has been shown to have which of the following effects? *

Reduces seizure frequency (clusters) and number of days with seizures per month

Reduces seizure frequency (clusters) but not number of days with seizures per month

Reduces seizure frequency (clusters) but increases adverse effects seen with antiepileptic drugs

Reduces seizure frequency (clusters) but increases behavioural comorbidities

Reduces seizure frequency (clusters) but increases weight significantly

10. Medium-chain triglycerides, specifically decanoic acid, are thought to have direct antiseizure effects via which mechanism? *

Activating GABA receptors, inhibiting excitatory neurotransmission

Blockage of glutamate receptors, inhibiting excitatory neurotransmission

Blockage of AMPA receptors, inhibiting excitatory neurotransmission

Activating AMPA receptors, inhibiting excitatory neurotransmission